Fasting in Muharram

Muharram, the first month of Islamic month, holds a very significant religious history for Muslims with many religious events. The 10th day of Muharram, known as Ashura, is particularly noteworthy. The Prophet Muhammad (SAWW) placed a high emphasis on fasting on this day, indicating its spiritual benefits and historical significance.

Hadith on Ashura Fasting

Ibn Abbas (RA) reported, “I never saw Allah’s Messenger (saw) so keen to fast any day and give it priority over any other than this day, the day of Ashura, and this month, meaning Ramadan” (Bukhari). This hadith underlines the Prophet’s enthusiasm for fasting on Ashura, suggesting its exceptional virtue.

The historical significance of Ashura

Many Muslims around the world observe fast on Ashura. The day of Ashura and fasting on this day is significant due to several historical events:

1. Israelite Liberation: On this day, Allah (SWT) freed Prophet Musa (as) and the Children of Israel from Pharaoh by separating the Red Sea. Musa (as) fasted on this day to express gratitude to Allah (SWT).
2. The Great Flood: It is believed that the ark of Prophet Nuh (AS) came to rest on Mount Judiyy on this day after the Great Flood. Nuh (AS) also fasted on Ashura to thank Allah (SWT) for His mercy.
3. Martyrdom of Imam Hussain (RA): The tragic martyrdom of Imam Hussain (RA), the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (SAWW), occurred on Ashura in the Battle of Karbala. His sacrifice is commemorated for its profound impact on Islamic history.

The Virtues of Fasting on Ashura

Fasting on Ashura is seen as a means of spiritual purification. This expression, however, applies to minor sins, while major sins require sincere repentance. The Prophet (saw) said, “Fasting the day of Ashura, I hope that Allah will accept it as an expiation for the sins committed in the previous year” (Muslim).

Fasting on the days of Ashura

Although fasting on Ashura is highly meritorious, the Prophet (saw) recommended fasting on additional days to distinguish Muslims from Jews, who also fast on the 10th:

Fasting on the 9th and 10th: The Prophet (SAWW) intended to fast on both the 9th and 10th of Muharram, but he died before he could. This practice is advised to distinguish among Islamic practices.

Fasting on the 10th and 11th: Some scholars suggest fasting on the 10th and the day after (the 11th) to ensure the fast aligns correctly if there is any confusion about the sighting of the new moon. This precaution ensures the observance of Ashura fasting without error.

Conclusion

Fasting during Muharram, especially on Ashura, is a highly virtuous act encouraged by the Prophet Muhammad (saw). This practice not only commemorates significant events in Islamic history but also offers believers a chance for spiritual renewal and repentance. Observing these fasts aligns Muslims with the gratitude and devotion exemplified by prophets Musa (as) and Nuh (as) and honours the sacrifice of Imam Hussain (RA). Through fasting on Ashura, Muslims seek forgiveness, spiritual growth, and a deeper connection to their faith.